The bell of the stethoscope is better for detecting lower-frequency sounds, whilst the diaphragm is best for higher frequencies. Studies have shown that auscultation with the bell is more sensitive for detecting cardiac murmurs and that the diaphragm is better for detecting breath and bowel sounds.

Today, I’ll go deeper into exploring the key differences between the stethoscope bell and diaphragm giving advice on when to use one over the other.

First, let’s start by defining and understanding what each component is.

What is a stethoscope bell?

The bell of the stethoscope is a small, cup-shaped piece that is attached to the end of the tubing. It’s used to amplify lower frequency sounds such as heartbeats. It’s also useful for detecting softer sounds, such as those made by an infant.

To use the bell, simply place it lightly on the patient’s skin. You should hear a clear heart tone that’s louder than when using the diaphragm.

Below is an image of the ADC Stethoscope bell going for around $40

Some models such as ADC Adscope Stethoscope come with both a bell and a diaphragm. If you purchase one of these models, the bell will be on the opposite side of the diaphragm.

What is a stethoscope diaphragm?

The diaphragm of the stethoscope is a flat, circular piece that’s also attached to the end of the tubing. It’s used to amplify higher frequency sounds, such as those made by adults and children.

To use the diaphragm, place it firmly on the patient’s skin. You should hear a clear heart tone that’s louder than when using the bell.

Below is an image of ADC 602-03 Diaphragm for Adscope Stethoscopes

Diaphragm for Adscope- Platinum Multifrequency Scope & Convertible Cardiology Stethoscope ADC600-03N

Do all stethoscopes come with a bell and diaphragm?

No, not all stethoscopes come with both a bell and diaphragm. In fact, some models only come with a diaphragm. The Littmann Cardiology IV Stethoscope is one such model and it’s one of the most popular stethoscopes on the market.

Do you need both?

Whilst you don’t technically need both, it’s always good to have a stethoscope that comes with both a bell and diaphragm. This way, you can choose which one to use depending on the situation.

Convertibility of Bell vs Diapghram:

If you have a stethoscope that only comes with a bell, don’t worry. You can easily convert it to a diaphragm by removing the bells. This is typically done by unscrewing the small retaining ring that’s holding the bell in place.

Do note that not all stethoscopes can be converted from bell to diaphragm. So, it’s always best to check with the manufacturer before attempting to do so.

With ADC® ADSCOPE® combination stethoscopes, you can either use the diaphragm for high-frequency sounds or the open bell for low-frequency responses.

To select a side, hold the chestpiece valve stem in one hand and rotate the chestpiece 180° with your other hand until it “clicks” into place.

The stem has an engraved dot that will confirm which side is activated when it faces either the bell or diaphragm. If you’re unsure of which side is activate, simply tap lightly on one then compare it to sound coming from other side.

10 Key differences between Stethoscope diaphragm and bell:

Frequencies:

  • The bell of the stethoscope is better for detecting lower-frequency sounds, whilst the diaphragm is best for higher frequencies. This means that the bell will mostly be used to listen to heartbeats, as they make lower frequency sounds. The diaphragm, on the other hand, will be used to listen to things like breath and bowel sounds, which make higher frequency noises.

Loudness:

  • In general, the bell amplifies sound less than the diaphragm. This is because the diaphragm has a larger surface area than the bell, so it can gather more sound waves.

Soft sounds:

  • The bell is better for detecting soft sounds than the diaphragm. This is because the bell amplifies sound less than the diaphragm, so softer sounds are more likely to be audible.

Heartbeats:

  • The bell is better for detecting heartbeats than the diaphragm. This is because the bell amplifies lower frequency sounds better than the diaphragm, and heartbeats make lower frequency noises.

Breath and bowel sounds:

  • The diaphragm is better for detecting breath and bowel sounds than the bell. This is because the diaphragm amplifies higher frequency sounds better than the bell, and breath and bowel sounds make higher frequency noises.

Cardiac murmurs:

  • The bell is more sensitive for detecting cardiac murmurs than the diaphragm. This is because the bell amplifies lower frequency sounds better than the diaphragm, and cardiac murmurs make lower frequency noises.

Skin contact:

  • The bell should be placed lightly on the patient’s skin, whilst the diaphragm should be pressed firmly. This is because the bell amplifies sound less than the diaphragm, so it doesn’t need to be in as close contact with the skin to hear the noise.

Size:

  • The bell is smaller than the diaphragm. This is because it doesn’t need to gather as much sound, as it amplifies sound less than the diaphragm.

Weight:

  • The bell is lighter than the diaphragm. This is because it’s smaller, so it doesn’t need as much material to make it.

Cost:

  • The diaphragm is cheaper than the bell.

Replacement:

The bell is more likely to need replacing than the diaphragm. This is because it’s smaller and lighter, so it’s more likely to break.

Other differences: stethoscope bell vs diaphragm

  • Sensitivity: The bell is more sensitive to detecting cardiac murmurs. The diaphragm is better for detecting breath and bowel sounds.
  • Sounds: The bell gives a clearer heart tone, whilst the diaphragm gives a clearer lung sound.
  • Ease of use: The bell is easier to use as it requires less pressure on the patient’s skin. The diaphragm requires more pressure.
  • Patient comfort: The bell is more comfortable for the patient as it doesn’t require as much pressure.

When should you use a stethoscope bell vs a diaphragm

The bell of the stethoscope should be used when you need to amplify lower frequency sounds, such as heartbeats. It’s also useful for detecting softer sounds, such as those made by an infant.

To use the bell, simply place it lightly on the patient’s skin. You should hear a clear heart tone that’s louder than when using the diaphragm.

The diaphragm of the stethoscope should be used when you need to amplify higher frequency sounds, such as those made by adults and children. It’s also useful for detecting breath and bowel sounds.

To use the diaphragm, place it firmly on the patient’s skin. You should hear a clear heart tone that’s louder than when using the bell.

Key similarities between Stethoscope Diaphragm and bell:

  1. Use: They are used to amplify heart sounds
  2. Shape: Both are cylindrical in shape
  3. Purpose: Both are used for auscultation
  4. Attachment: Both are attached to the tubing of the stethoscope